Chapter 11.
Mediaeval Scandinavian maps and geographical oeuvres report the "Mongolian" conquest of Eurasia and Africa.
2. Japheth as the son of the Biblical Noah. The nation that bore this name and its geographical localisation.
“I see no reason to either believe that Meshech, the
grandson of Noah, was the forefather of the Slavic nation,
nor to deny it” – M. V. Lomonosov ([493], page 56).
2.1. The offspring of the Biblical Japheth populated all of Europe.
The Great = “Mongolian” conquest appears to have become reflected in the Scandinavian geographical tractates of the Middle Ages as the legend about the descendants of Japheth populating the Earth. The Bible tells the same story – however, Scandinavian geographers relate it in much greater detail, giving us the opportunity to see that the legend really tells the story of either the “Mongolian” conquest, or its second stage, the Ottoman (or Ataman) conquest of the XV-XVI century.
Almost all of the historical sources (mediaeval, “ancient”, Biblical etc) are unanimous the descendants of Japheth settling all across Europe, which was virtually void of populace prior to their advent. Apparently, “Japheth, Son of Noah, was to live in the Northern half of the world known as Europe” ([523], page 135). In fig. 11.7 we see an ancient miniature portraying the three sons of Noah dividing the world. Shem ruled in Asia, Ham ruled in Africa, and Japheth – in Europe. The name Shem could be derived from MOS or MOSOCH, whereas Ham is Khan.
The identity of the Sons of Japheth is therefore of great interest to us. This is how they are represented in Scandinavian chronicles and the Bible: “Japheth had seven sons. Their names were Gomer, Magoc, Madai, Iuvan, Thuval, Masok and Thirak” ([523], page 135).
Further also: “The Bible also refers to the seven sons of Japheth: ‘The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras’ (Genesis, X:2). Jerome . . . and Isidore . . . reproduce the same list, but use the name Masokh (or Mosoch) instead of Meshech” ([523], page 137). The Slavic Bible renders this passage as shown in fig. 11.8.
The following identifications make sense as per our reconstruction.
Magog identifies as the “Mongols” (Great Ones) and the Goths.
Javan is Ioann, or Ivan – possibly, Ivan Kalita, also known as Batu-Khan.
Tubal is Tobol, the Siberian region as a part of the “Mongolian” (Great) Empire.
Meshech, or Mosoch = Moscow. The Russian word “muzhik”, which stands for “man” or “countryman” is likely to be derived from this name.
Tiras = Turkey, also formerly a province of the Great = “Mongolian” Empire.
Further on, Scandinavian sources contain a more detailed account of how the offspring of Japheth spread across the European and Asian countries, namely:
2.2. The first son, or the Biblical Magog.
Magoc = Magon = Magog. He is believed to be the forefather of the Scythians and the Goths (Scythas et Gothos). Also, according to Scandinavian sources, the “land of Magog” can be identified as the Great Svitjod = Gardariki, or Russia ([523], page 131). See more in re the Slavic identification of Russia as the land of Gardariki in Part 6 of the present book.
Further also: “Magog (also known as Magoc and Magon) is named as the forefather of the peoples inhabiting the Great Svitjod (ascribed to Europe herein) . . . Isidore refers to Scythia in this context, as one may have expected: “Magog, who is supposed to have sired the Scythians and the Goths” ([523], pages 137 and 138).
The Great Svitjod, or Scythia (see more about this Scandinavian identification in Part 6) = the “Mongolian” Empire was ascribed to both Europe and Asia.
The above is in perfect correspondence with the real geographical location of Russia, which is partially European and partially Asian. Y. A. Melnikova observes the following: “The Great Svitjod . . . is thus called an Asian land, which makes it populated by the offspring of Shem. And yet it is listed once again among the countries populated by the offspring of Japheth, or European countries . . . This must be explained . . . by the vagueness of the actual term of ‘Great Svitjod’, usually coinciding with the Scythia of the ancient authors” ([523], page 137).
The mediaeval chronicler continues as follows: “Such are the lands in the part of the world known as Europe: The Great Svitjod, where Magoc reigned” ([523], page 135).
Further on it is reported: “Magon [the same as Magog = the Mongols (Great Ones) – Auth.] ruled in the Great Southern Svitjod” ([523], page 136).
To sum up, we can see that the Scandinavians believed that the Biblical Magog = Goths = “Mongols”, or Great Ones, reigned in the Great Svitjod. This is perfectly correct – they reigned in the Horde, or the Great Empire of the XIV-XVI century.
2.3. The second son, or the Biblical Madai.
Madai = Madia. He is reported to have reigned in “Kulfingaland, which we call Gardariki [Russia, according to the Scandinavians – Auth.] – Madai was there” ([523], page 135).
However, “Jerome locates the offspring of Madai in Midia . . . Isidore calls them Meians . . . In the oeuvre entitled ‘How the Earth was Populated . . .’ the Biblical ethnography is brought closer to the real information about the lands and the peoples of the world . . . The offspring of Madai are therefore located in Gardariki (Russia), which is also known as Kulfingaland . . . The fact that no Western European authors mention Russia in their tractates does not bother the authors of the book [which surprises Y. A. Melnikova – Auth.], and they put Russia in the corresponding part of the list, knowing its disposition perfectly well” ([523], page 138).
This latest observation of Y. A. Melnikova reveals to us a very curious circumstance. Apparently, the Western European authors of the XVI-XVIII century were doing their best to avoid referring to Russia when they discussed the Biblical geography. They were already under the influence of Scaligerian ideology, according to which the compilation of the Bible predates the nascence of the Russian state by an enormous amount of time.
The Scandinavians weren’t quite as au fait with the “Scaligerian science”, and would occasionally write things that contradicted the Scaligerian version of history, simultaneously concurring with our reconstruction.
Thus, Scandinavians report that the Biblical “Madai [reigned in] Kulfingaland, which we call Gardariki” ([523], page 136). Madai is thus named as the ruler of the Ancient Russia. Scandinavians appear to have identified Magog as the Biblical Madai, or the Goths and the Mongols. The name Madai must mean the same as Midia – the land in the middle. Therefore, when Scandinavian chronicles refer to the Biblical Madai, they actually reiterate what we already know from the section on Magog. One gets the feeling that what we have before us is a mere duplication of information.
2.4. The third son, or the Biblical Javan (Ivan).
Iuban = Ioban = Josian = Javan = Iones ([523], page 131) = Iuvan ([523], page 135), or simply Ioann (Ivan).
According to the Scandinavians, the Biblical Javan ruled over Girkland – Byzantium, or Greece, in other words ([523], page 136). We learn the following: “Jerome and Isidore call the descendants of Javan ‘Ionians, or Greeks’ . . . The tractate ‘How the Earth was Populated . . .” follows the general Christian tradition and also locates the descendants of Javan (Juban, or Jubal) in Byzantium (Greece)” ([523], page 138).
The name Ioann, or Ivan is known to us perfectly well from the history of the “Mongolian” Empire. He identifies as Ivan Kalita, also known as Batu-Khan. Moreover, according to the Scandinavians, the very name Girkland (Greece) derives from the name Girgya, or Georgiy – in other words, Great Prince Georgiy Danilovich, also known as Genghis-Khan.
It is noteworthy that the Scandinavian chronicle uses the following chronicle in reference to the Biblical Javan: “Iones, qui et Graeci” ([523], page 131). We see two names side by side – Ioann and Girgya (Greece, or Graecia). This is precisely how it should be, since Ivan Kalita and Georgiy = Grigoriy Danilovich were brothers.
The Scandinavian chronicler was hardly familiar with such intricate details of the XIV century Russian history – however, he has nevertheless reflected the proximity between the two names putting them next to each other.
2.5. The fourth son, or the Biblical Tiras (Turk).
Tirac = Tiras, or simply Turk. The identification of Tiras as the Turkish nation is recognized by Scaligerian history and considered to be known quite well. “After Jerome, Isidore . . . locates the descendants of Tiras in Thracia: ‘It is said that Tiras, son of Japheth, came to this land and called it Thracia’” ([523], page 138).
It is for this reason that we see the city of Tiraspol on the Dniester – the city of Tiras, in other words.
The list of European countries ruled by the Turks according to the Scandinavian point of view is truly impressive. Here is a very vivid mediaeval quotation: “Thiras – over Bolgaroland [or Bulgaria – Y. A. Melnikova] and Ungaroland [or Hungary – Y. A. Melnikova; see page 138], Saxland [or Germany – Y. A. Melnikova] and Frankland [or France – Y. A. Melnikova]” ([523], page 136). This list is worthy of pondering. Could it be a mere fantasy of a mediaeval chronicler from Scandinavia?
Apparently not. Independently from us, the Scandinavian author is de facto relating our reconstruction, according to which the political and military influence of the Great = “Mongolian” Russian, Tartar and Turkish Empire spread over many Eurasian countries in the XIV-XVI century, including Hungary, Germany, France and Bulgaria. We have discussed it in detail in the section about the Kingdom of Presbyter Johannes, or Russia (the Horde).
It is interesting that Isidore, a Western European author, once again remains silent about the important fact that Tiras, or the “Mongols” (Great Ones) conquered such lands as Italy, Germany and France. Apparently, any recollection of the conquest must have been psychologically traumatising for the representatives of the Scaligerian pro-Western historical school, and especially so for the new Western rulers of the XVII-XVIII century.
Y. A. Melnikova is perfectly correct to mention the following: Scandinavians give a list of European countries “excluded from the work of Isidore: Italy, or Rumverialand, Hungary, or Ungaraland, Saxony, or Saxland, and France, or Frankland” ([523], page 138).
Apparently, the memory of the relatively recent conquest of the Western Europe by the “Mongols” in the XIV century was deliberately and diligently subjected to obscurantism in the oeuvres of the Western European chroniclers and the historians of the XVII-XVIII century. Scandinavians lived at a distance, and must have been brainwashed more sparingly.
The Gothic, or the “Mongolian” = Great Conquest of the Western Europe has also left its trace in architecture. Everybody knows the Gothic style of the churches, cathedrals and numerous other constructions of the Western Europe. It is particularly widespread in Germany, France and Italy. It is believed to be the legacy of the ancient Goths hailing from some mysterious land in the Orient. The Goths themselves, as modern historians are eager to explain, were ignorant barbarians without a doubt – horses, bows, arrows, animal hides, no literacy etc. And yet their “wild Gothic spirit” is still supposed to be preserved by the luxurious Gothic cathedrals of the Western Europe in some unfathomable way.
Another observation is as follows. As we can plainly see, Scandinavian chronicles actually repeat everything that they have already said in the section on Magog and Madai when they tell us about the descendants of Tiras, or the Turk. We see yet another information duplicate, which is nothing but a slightly altered reiteration of the same fact – the nascence of the enormous Great = Mongolian Empire in the XIV-XVI century.
Corollary. The reconstruction that we suggest is supported by direct evidence of the mediaeval Scandinavian chroniclers – one of its most important parts, at the very least.
2.6. The fifth son, or the Biblical Tubal (Tobol).
Tubal, or Thuval is the next son of Japheth. This is what the mediaeval author tells us about him. Thubal reigned over “Spanialand [or Spain – Y. A. Melnikova], Rumverialand [or Italy – Y. A. Melnikova], Svitjod [Sweden, or Russia, qv above – Auth.], Danmork [or Denmark – Y. A. Melnikova] and Norway” ([523], page 136). Melnikova points out that the name Svitjod must have also stood for Sweden. Incidentally, the Finnish name for Sweden is Ruotsi; it must be so similar to the word Russia for a good reason.
Further also: “The author of the first edition of the tractate ascribes Hungary, Saxony, France and Spain to the countries inhabited by the offspring of Tubal. Initially . . . only the Iberians had ranked among them – the Spaniards, that is. Isidore also mentions Italians . . . in the second edition of the tractate, the list is complemented by Sweden, Denmark and Norway ([523], page 138). As a matter of fact, the name Tubal as used in one of the chronicle’s versions is all but homonymic with the name Tobol ([523], page 131).
And so, Scandinavians report that the offspring of Thubal, or Tubal, populated the following Western European countries: Hungary, Germany, Spain, France and Italy.
What is the real identity of Tubal, or Tobol? The answer appears to be known to us already – the Siberian part of the Great = “Mongolian” Empire (or its Baltic part, also known as White). The name Tobol, which is still alive in the modern Siberia, must be a vestige of this name. The traces of the name Siberia exist in Europe, too – possibly, as Serbia on the Balkans and the Sorbs in Germany. It has to be said that German historical literature of the XVIII century devotes a great deal of attention to the battles between the Central European Slavs (the Sorbs are named as their descendants), Romans and the Germans. See more about these works in [152].
Later on, in the XVII-XVIII century, the “Mongolian” name Siberia became somewhat smaller in size and eventually left Europe for good, rigidifying in its modern form, to the East of the Ural. The name Serbia lingered in the Balkans and stayed in Europe. As a matter of fact, Serbia is an Orthodox country, just like the whole Great = “Mongolian” Empire of the XIV-XVI century.
Thus, even here the Scandinavian chronicle, having told us about the Biblical Tubal, son of Japheth, actually repeats what it was saying above, namely, that the Great = “Mongolian” Empire had comprised Hungary, Germany, Spain, France and Italy.
By the way, why didn’t the European Isidore object to the conquest of the abovementioned European countries by the Biblical Tobol? After all, he did keep silent about the conquest of Italy, Germany and France by the Biblical Tiras. The reason must be that Tobol wasn’t known to the West European authors quite as well as Tiras (the Turks), Magog (the Mongols) or Rosh (Russia). Isidore wasn’t aware of what the name Tobol had really stood for, and decided to leave it intact.
Thus, having noticed nothing suspicious in the conquests of the Biblical Tobol, Isidore decided to leave this information intact, involuntarily allowing us a glimpse into the true history of the Western Europe in the Middle Ages. As we can see, it turns out completely different from how it is known to us by the works of the Scaligerian historical school.
Just as we have mentioned it in CHRON4, the publishers of the English version of the Bible left the word Tobol intact, although the dangerous name Rosh was edited out as too obvious a reference to the ancient Russia. However, Tobol was considered harmless, and quite fortunately so.
2.7. The sixth son, or the Biblical Gomer.
Gomer is said to have reigned in Italy, Denmark, Sweden and Norway ([523], page 135). He is called the forefather of the Etruscans ([574], page 4). The Etruscans identify as the Russians, who came to Italy during the Great = “Mongolian” conquest of the XIV century. We shall cover this in detail below. The actual name Gomer still exists in Turkey – transcribed as Omar.
2.8. The seventh son, or the Biblical Meshech (Mosoch).
Mosoch, or Meshech, was the ruler of Gaul and Cappadoccia in particular ([523], page 135). This is an obvious enough reference to the Muscovite State, or Moscovia.
Gomer and Meshech are the two last sons of Japheth. We have no need for giving a detailed list of the countries that they conquered and populated – let us simply cite the final result in accordance with the analysis made by Y. A. Melnikova.
She reports the following: “Jerome locates the descendants of Homer in Galatia . . . The second edition of the tractate interprets the name of the region as Gaul . . . The first edition simply carries on with the traditional list: Italy (Rumverialand), Denmark, Sweden and Norway . . . Hungary, Saxony, France, Germany, Italy and the Scandinavian countries are united into a single group . . . According to Jerome and Isidore, the descendants of Meshech populated Cappadoccia . . . The second edition keeps the same attribution; the second adds Gaul” ([523], pages 138 and 139).
However, we won’t learn anything new from here, either. We see a repetition of the same scenario, namely, that Meshech (Moscovia) and Gomer the Etruscan (the Russian) populated many lands of the colonised Western Europe apart from their ancient homeland of Russia, or the Horde.
2.9. Thus, who are the sons of the Biblical Japheth?
Our explanation is as follows. In the XIV century Europe was populated by the descendants of Japheth, or the descendants of the Biblical Magog – the Mongols and the Goths, in other words. Scandinavians state it explicitly that Magog and the Turks (more generally – the “Mongols”, the Goths, the Turks and the Tartars) settled far beyond their natural habitat, in such countries of the Western Europe as Germany, Italy, France, Hungary, Spain, Bulgaria, Sweden, Denmark and Norway.
We come up with virtually the entire territory of the Western Europe. It turns out that the Great = Mongolian Empire spread the zone of its influence, military as well as political, over a much wider territory than it is assumed today – the entire Western Europe, for instance.
We cannot quite understand the reason why the Great = “Mongolian” Empire is referred to as Japheth in the Bible. The unvocalized version of the name is PhT. It could be that the unvocalized PhT and TT had simply stood for Tartary, given the frequent flexion of the sounds F and T. It is for a good reason that the Russian Empire was still referred to on the maps as the Great Tartary - all the way up to the XVIII century. If our hypothesis is correct, Japheth is the mediaeval name of the Russian (or Tartar) Empire. Its seven sons, or tribes, conquered many lands, including the Western Europe. Then the Empire fell apart in the XVII century, losing control over the Western Europe.
The Scandinavian text repeated virtually the same thing seven times in reference to the seven sons of Japheth, who had populated Europe – namely, we find out that the nations of the Great = “Mongolian” Empire conquered the Western Europe and then settled all across its territory, remaining in control of the lands for some time.
The “Seven sons of Japheth” as mentioned in the Bible must be the seven main nations, or regions, that were part of the Great Empire, namely:
1) Magog = the “Mongols” = the Great Ones = the Goths,
2) Madai (the same “Mongols”),
3) Ivan or Ivans (from Ivan Kalita, or Batu-Khan),
4) The Turks, or the Tartars – Tiras,
5) Tobol, or the Siberian part of the Russian Empire (the Horde), or Balty (White Horde).
6) Gomer – the Etruscan state in Italy, or yet another result of the XIV century “Mongolian” invasion. See more about it below.
7) Meshech – Moscovia.
Actually, the Scandinavian rendition is almost completely similar to the Biblical. Therefore, everything that we have said above can be fully applied to the Bible as well.
Therefore, these crucial sections of the Bible, including the corresponding chapters of the Book of Genesis, were written or underwent a final edition (and a substantial one, at that) in the XIV century of the New Era the earliest. This is in good correspondence with the conclusions made from the statistical analysis of the Biblical books, qv in CHRON1 and CHRON2.
Further on, it shall be expedient to bear in mind that the Ancient Russia was also known as Ruthenia, Ruthena and Ruthia ([517]). See also Part 6 of the present book.
