Foreword
The book continues the books of the authors of "New chronology of Egypt" and "Ancient zodiacs of Egypt and Europe". In 2002 in "New chronology of Egypt" we for the first time proposed a method of full decoding and absolute astronomical dating of the Ancient Egyptian zodiacs. With some changes this method turned out to be applicable also to European zodiacs. As a result we studied and dated a number of Egyptian and European ancient zodiacs, see the books "New chronology of Egypt" and "Ancient zodiacs of Egypt and Europe".
Here we continue an interesting and important for the chronology study of the ancient zodiacs. Astronomical datings of the zodiacs, received in 2005-2006, are studied in the book. A part of them are absolutely new datings, received by us in the recent time, another part was already published, fully or partly as soon as available, but distributed between our different books, devoted mainly to the reconstruction of history, not to astronomical methods of dating.
The present book is first of all aimed for the readers, interested in deeper study exactly of the methods and results of astronomical dating of the ancient zodiacs, study of the laws of ancient astronomical symbols. That's why here the zodiacal datings are collected together and systematically stated. But we don't repeat here the results, stated in the books "New chronology of Egypt" and "Ancient zodiacs of Egypt and Europe", as this book continues them.
Totally until now we discovered and dated around 40 ancient zodiacs. Let's list them in the chronological order, according to their datings:
1) ZODIAC OF SETI I, "SP", Egypt, Luxor, the Valley of tsars: 969 (August 14-16) or 1206 (August 5-7).
2) STELLA OF METTERNICH, "MT", Egypt: 1007 (August 14-16).
3) "MITRE" FROM APULUM, Europe: 1007 (August 14-16).
4) "MITRE" FROM HEDDERNNEIM, Europe: 1007 (October 14-15) or 1186 (October 14-15).
5) THE FIRST ZODIAC OF SENENMUT, "SN", Egypt, Luxor: 1007 (June 14-16).
6) SHORT ZODIAC, "KZ", Egypt, Armant (Herment): 1071 (May15-16) or 1189 (May 30-31) or 1308 (May 6-8).
7) ZODIAC OF RAMSES IV, "RC", Egypt, Luxor, the Valley of tsars: 1146 (April 15-16), 1325 (April 16).
8) THE SECOND ZODIAC OF SENENMUT, "SX", Egypt, Luxor: 1148 (June 7-18).
9) ZODIAC OF RAMSES IX, "RD", Egypt, Luxor, the Valley of tsars: 1148 (June 16).
10) ZODIAC OF CHRISTMAS, "AE", Europe (from the book of Ebenezer Sibly): 1151 (December 25).
11) THE GOLDEN COPENHAGENIAN HORN, "RG", Europe: 1166 (May 17-28).
12) LONG DENDER ZODIAC, "DL", Egypt, Dendera: 1168 (April 22-26).
13) THE THEBAIC COLORED ZODIAC OF RAMSES VII, "OU", Egypt, Luxor, the Valley of tsars: 1182 (September 5-8).
14) ROUND DENDER ZODIAC, "DR", Egypt, Dendera: 1185 (morning of March 20).
15) ZODIAC "LION OF COMMAGENE", "LK", Turkey: 1221 (morning of September 14).
16) ZODIAC FROM THE TOMB OF PETOSIRIS, AN OUTSIDE ROOM, "P1", Egypt, Dakhla: 1227 (August 5) or 1667 (August 2 of old style).
17) THE UPPER ATHRIBIAN ZODIAC OF FLINDERS PETRIE, "AV", Egypt, Athribes (Vannina): 1230 (May 15-16).
18) ZODIAC FROM THE TOMB OF PETOSIRIS, AN INTERIOR ROOM, "P2", Egypt, Daakhla: 1240 (March 24-25) or 1714 (April 2 of old style).
19) THE LOWER ATHRIBIAN ZODIAC OF FLINDERS PETRIE, "AN", Egypt, Athribes (Vannina): 1268 (February 9-10).
20) ZODIAC OF THE GEMMA OF AUGUST, "GA", Europe: 1284 (December 8).
21) ZODIAC "DRESSED NUT", "NB", Egypt: 1285 (January 31 – February 1) or 1345 (January 29-31).
22) ZODIAC OF RAMSES VI, "RS", Egypt, Luxor, the Valley of tsars: 1289 (February 4-5) or 1586 (February 20-21 of old style).
23) ZODIAC OF THE BIG TEMPLE OF ESNA, "EB", Egypt, Esna: 1394 (March 31 – April 3).
24) ZODIAC OF THE SMALL TEMPLE OF ESNA, "EM", Egypt, Esna: 1404 (May 6-8).
25) ZODIAC OF THE CARPET FROM BAYEUX, "BL", Europe: 1495 (March 15).
26) ZODIAC OF THE LABOURS OF HERACLES, "GP", "Antique" myths: 1513 (November 17-21).
27) ZODIAC OF THE BAPTISTERY IN PADUA, "PD", Italy, Padua: 1524 (March 7).
28) ZODIAC OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE, "PG", Russia, Moscow: 1526 (February 9).
29) ZODIAC OF HENRY II AND DIANA POITIER, "DP", France: 1546 (February 28 or March 1).
30) ZODIAC FROM LOUVRE, "LV", Europe: 1638 (June 12-17 of old style).
31) ZODIAC OF THE GEMMA OF "MARCUS AURELIUS", "RZ", Europe: 1664 (December 8-9 of old style).
32) ZODIAC OF THE HALL OF PONTIFEXES, "ZP", Italy, Vatican: 1670 (June 24-30 of old style).
33) ZODIAC OF THE DUKES D'ESTE, "FR", Italy, Ferrara: 1680 (May 19 of old style).
34) ZODIAC OF JOVE ON THE ANTIQUE CARVED STONE, "FA", Europe: 1741 (June 5 of old style).
35) ZODIAC OF FALCONETTO, "FZ", Italy, Mantua: 1741 (July 3-4 of old style).
36) ZODIAC OF URANIUM IN THE CHAMBER OF COURT, "RP", Italy, Padua: the first horoscope - 1781 (April 23-25 of old style); the second horoscope, "with beams", calculated with hindsight - 1405 (October 14-16).
37) ZODIAC OF BRUGSCH, the horoscope of demotic postscripts, "BR1", Egypt: 1861 (November 18 of new style) or 1682 (November 17 of new style).
38) ZODIAC OF BRUGSCH, the horoscope "without a stick", "BR2", Egypt: 1841 (October 6-7 of old style).
39) ZODIAC OF BRUGSCH, the horoscope "in boats", "BR3", Egypt: 1853 (February 15 of old style).
From the listed here datings it unambiguously comes that the generally accepted today chronology of the ancient and medieval history is totally WRONG. For example, the epoch of Ancient Egypt is related to the Middle Ages, not to the 3-2 millenniums B.C., as historians think. Otherwise, the ancient Egyptians lived not thousands, but just hundreds years ago.
An astonishing picture appears – thanks to the zodiacal datings – in the chronology of European and, in particular, Italian history. It appears that many events of the medieval history of Italy are dated in a wrong way. They are artificially thrown by historians 200-300 years back. So, for example, the Italian history of the XV-XVII centuries is given allegedly like the history of Italy of the XII-XIV centuries. This is related not only to events but to many pieces of art, architecture etc.
Extremely interesting and important consequences of zodiacal datings come out of the Russian history. So, for example, we found the zodiac of Ivan the Terrible, expressed on his famous bones throne, kept in the Moscow Kremlin Armory. The zodiac is rather open, but before us nobody paid attention to it. This zodiac contains a horoscope for the birthday of tsar Ivan IV – the first of the four tsars, united by the Romanovs' historians under the name of "Ivan the Terrible", see our book "New chronology of Russia". It appears that the year and day of birthday of Ivan IV the Terrible are WRONGLY stated in chronicles. The mistake is for 4 years. This is not surprising, as we showed in our book "New chronology of Russia", the available for historians today Russian chronicles are of very late origin. They were written – or considerably edited – only in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The history of the XVI century is given in a wrong way in them. There are a lot of mistakes, both intentional and occasional.
The 4 years mistake in the birthday of Ivan the Terrible is not so harmless as it may seem at first sight. From the correct dating of the birthday of tsar Ivan IV comes a new look on many other, as it seemed, absolutely not connected with Ivan the Terrible events of the Russian history. In particular, unexpectedly appears the falseness of the date of birthday of Peter I. From here it follows that the accusations, which sounded in Moscow at the time of the marksmen rebellions – that tsar Peter was REPLACED – most likely were fair. And this puts an absolutely new, unexpected light on one of the darkest and mysterious sites of the Russian history – the history of Peter, who "opened a window to Europe". It becomes clear – who, where and what for opened this "window". The famous Peter's reforms also open to us in a different way.
In conclusion we underline once again our main idea: the history should rest on the steady base of PROOVED CHRONOLOGY. Of course any version of history will inevitably have some faults. Just because a part of our knowledge about the past is irrevocably lost and it can't be restored. But these mistakes shouldn't turn into a SYSTEM. In order to avoid a FULL falseness and RANDOMNESS of the picture of the past it is necessary to start with the STRICTLY PROOVED statements. In the modern historical science there are no strictly proved statements. History is a purely humanitarian field and can PROVE nothing in a strict sense of this word. We propose to put the history on a steady natural-scientific base of PROOFS. In our opinion it is necessary to introduce "the pivots" – PROOVED DATES. Exactly such dates – not slippery "historical considerations" – should be put at the top when building one or another historical version. Otherwise this version will turn just in a fairy tale. That's what happens today with the ancient and medieval history on every step.
A.T.FOMENKO, G.V.Nosovskiy,
Moscow, Moscow State University,
February 2008
